Muscat: High temperatures in the Sultanate of Oman have their significant impact on agriculture. Crops are susceptible to various pests and diseases, and they are under stress due to fluctuating rising temperatures.
These conditions contribute to crop stress, reducing both their productivity and growth efficiency. To mitigate these negative effects, implementing effective agricultural practices and methods for plant protection is crucial.
Abdullah bin Juma bin Bakhit al Hajri, an agricultural engineer at the General Directorate of Fisheries and Water Resources in South al Sharqiyah, advises farmers to adopt several measures to shield plants from heat. One such method is applying sawdust or plant leaf remains around the soil near crops and trees, which helps maintain soil moisture and reduces direct sunlight exposure.
Selecting the appropriate tillage method according to the crop type and growth stage is also vital. For instance, traditional tillage involves mixing the soil with sawdust and leaf litter.
Alternatively, a method called "no-till tillage" is often preferred as it is effective in protecting plants from heat stress.
Reducing pruning or overcrowding of plants can also be beneficial. Higher branches can shield the tree from direct sunlight through their leaves and smaller branches. The palm tree's grapes, for example, enhance its ability to withstand heat stress. Consequently, agricultural experts recommend the optimal planting period to be between December and January.
Al Hajri emphasises the importance of increasing irrigation, especially at dawn or early in the morning, and fertilising with nitrogen, potassium, and microelements. It is essential to consider the type of soil, crop variety, and growth stage to protect plants from heat stress effectively.
Other recommended practices include cultivating heat- and drought-tolerant species, using drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting, employing sensor technologies and geographical information systems to monitor soil and crops, planting genetically modified crops resistant to drought, and selecting appropriate planting times. These methods and techniques are invaluable for farmers to reduce the adverse effects of high temperatures on their crops.
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