Respiratory diseases continue to be a serious health issue, emphasising the importance of adopting healthy practices to mitigate the risk of infection. According to the Ministry of Health, respiratory diseases account for 10 per cent of hospital admissions, with the latest statistics revealing their prevalence. Infectious respiratory diseases are the most frequently encountered conditions in healthcare institutions, constituting about 27.6 per cent of all outpatient clinic visits and 11.2 per cent of hospital admissions.
Preventing respiratory diseases, particularly pneumonia, is within our grasp. Implementing protective measures, including proper nutrition and minimising risk factors like air pollution, which can make our lungs more susceptible to infections, is crucial. Additionally, embracing effective hygiene practices, such as thorough handwashing with soap, can reduce the likelihood of contracting pneumonia by half, significantly reducing exposure to harmful bacteria.
Lower respiratory tract diseases remain a global health concern, ranking fourth among the leading causes of death. However, there is positive news: The number of deaths attributed to these diseases has significantly declined. In 2019, they claimed the lives of 2.6 million people, representing a decrease of 460,000 deaths compared to the year 2000.
Acute respiratory infections are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in the region, significantly impacting both health and economic development. Seasonal influenza stands out as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality associated with acute respiratory infections across the region. Other respiratory viruses like respiratory syncytial, rhinovirus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus also demand close monitoring and rapid response due to their potential to mutate into epidemics or pandemics.
The winter season provides an ideal environment for the replication, mutation, and spread of respiratory viruses. These viruses naturally flourish during this time, leading to an annual surge in cold and fever symptoms. Factors such as increased indoor gatherings with poor ventilation can expedite virus transmission.
Children are particularly vulnerable to respiratory diseases, with those under a year old having underdeveloped immune systems that increase susceptibility to viral infections. Each year, some vulnerable children require hospitalisation, either in regular wards or intensive care units, due to respiratory virus infections.
An international collaboration involving the World Health Organisation (WHO), member states, and other partners has yielded significant progress in enhancing and fortifying health systems to prepare for, detect, prevent, and control emerging respiratory diseases in the region.
Countries in the region are actively working to bolster their preparedness, early detection, and response to respiratory diseases. This necessitates a focus on key priorities, including the strengthening of integrated systems and structures for respiratory disease surveillance. Building capacity for the detection, prevention, and control of respiratory diseases, particularly at the community level, is critical in ensuring the health and well-being of the population.
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