Beware of snakes in summer

With the proliferation of snakes during the summer, a recent study comes handy to understand the gravity of snakebites and its peak time among the patients.

The Oman Medical Journal recently published a study, conducted by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Sultan Qaboos University, titled ‘Assessing the Danger of Snake Poisoning and its Complications.’ The study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with snake venom and the resulting complications, based on data collected from two emergency departments in the Sultanate of Oman.

The study gathered information from 236 individuals admitted to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital and Rustaq Hospital, shedding light on the common characteristics of snakebite victims. The findings revealed that the majority of snakebite victims were adult males, and most incidents occurred on farms during the summer months, with a peak in August. Notable symptoms experienced by patients included 82 cases of blood clots, 149 cases of acute kidney injury, and five cases of external bleeding.

Among the patients who suffered acute renal insufficiency, 85.7 per cent encountered snakes in valleys, experiencing initial bleeding at the site of the bite along with a sensation of vomiting. On the other hand, 47.6 per cent of patients with coagulopathy were bitten on farms, with 72 per cent of those cases involving bites to the lower extremities.

The study also revealed that delayed administration of anti-venom increased the risk of acute kidney injury. Additionally, the time elapsed between the bite and receiving anti-venom was associated with the development of blood clots. However, no fatalities were recorded.

Based on the study’s findings, it is recommended to conduct further research, particularly in the Dhofar Governorate, known for its monsoon climate. Additionally, prompt administration of anti-venom is advised to prevent complications.

The Sultanate of Oman is home to over 20 snake species, of which nine are venomous. If you are bitten by a snake and experience symptoms, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. While awaiting medical help remember to move away from the snake, keep the bitten limb positioned below heart level, remain calm, and remove any tight jewellery or clothing from the affected area.

It is important to know what not to do in such situations. It is advisable not to extract the venom by opening or sucking the bite as it is ineffective. People should avoid using ice packs as they can cause harm. In addition, they should refrain from applying a tourniquet as it can worsen the situation. Similarly, there should not be attempt to catch the snake to take to the doctor as an evidence. If possible, a photograph of the snake on a cellphone, if dead, can be helpful.

In cases where medical care is distant and no symptoms manifest, the bite site should be cleaned with soap and water. It is essential to monitor the area for signs of infection and treat it as any other wound.