Have you heard of ‘hikikomori’?

‘Hikikomori’ was originally described in Japan as a form of severe social withdrawal.

This translates to ‘pulling inward’ or ‘being confined.’

Concerned about his son, Ahmed was brought to the clinic by his father, while he is still in his early twenties. He refuses to leave his room and prefers to spend time alone playing video games and chatting with friends online when he is not doing his online course.

When his father suggested that the family have dinner at a restaurant or attend a family gathering, Ahmed refuses to join saying he is more comfortable being at home as he has “everything he needs and can order meals instead of driving to a restaurant and waiting to be served”.

Ahmed did not have other mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, or psychosis but appears to suffer from a relatively new phenomenon that was first described in Japan, known as ‘hikikomori.’ which translates to ‘pulling inward’ or ‘being confined.’

This phenomenon typically refers to individuals, predominantly young adults, who choose to isolate themselves from society for extended periods of time.

Sometimes spanning several years, some would barricade themselves in their homes or rooms, limiting social interactions to virtual friends or family members.

While there are no clear causes for this phenomenon, it is believed to arise from a combination of social, psychological, and cultural factors. This is often triggered by the relentless pursuit of academic success, rigid societal expectations, and an intensely competitive environment which can overwhelm individuals, leading to a sense of failure, anxiety, and ultimately, withdrawal.

In some cases, family dynamics such as overprotective parents, or lack of emotional support can contribute to ‘hikikomori.’

While pre-existing mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, or social phobia can predispose individuals to ‘hikikomori’ making it difficult for them to re-engage with the outside world.

Some psychologists believed the recent rise of technology and social media provided an escape for ‘hikikomori,’ enabling them to create social connections without physically interacting with others.

The consequences of ‘hikikomori’ impact individuals, families, and society as a whole. The prolonged isolation can exacerbate existing mental health issues and lead to the development of new ones.

Physical health may also suffer due to a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, and lack of exercise. ‘Hikikomori’ can also pose a significant economic burden on families, as they may become dependent on financial support from parents or government welfare programmes.

Reintegrating ‘hikikomori’ individuals into society is a complex and gradual process. The longer the withdrawal period, the more challenging it becomes for them to re-establish social connections, pursue education or employment, and lead fulfilling lives.

So how can governments address ‘Hikikomori?’ This requires a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach such as enhancing mental health support, investing in mental health resources, counseling services, and awareness campaigns that can help individuals and families recognise the problems and seek professional advice.

Encouraging a more holistic approach to education that places less emphasis on academic performance and offers alternative pathways for success can help alleviate the pressures faced by young individuals.

Support groups also see a role for them in which they can provide safe spaces for socialisation and gradual reintegration into society.

Promoting healthy communication within households is crucial as it helps in resolving conflicts between family members and makes the young person feel more accepted by his family.