WASHINGTON: US economic growth slowed less than expected in the third quarter as a further contraction in business investment was offset by resilient consumer spending, further allaying financial market fears of a recession.
“An orderly economic slowdown is in progress,” said Sung Won Sohn, a business economics professor at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. “Unfortunately, businesses do not share the same optimism consumers have.”
The Trump administration’s trade war with China has eroded business confidence, contributing to the second straight quarterly contraction in business investment. The fading stimulus from last year’s $1.5 trillion tax cut package is also sapping momentum from the expansion, now in its 11th year.
There are concerns that the slump in business investment will eventually spill over to consumer spending and significantly restrain economic growth. But Fed Chair Jerome Powell said the central bank did not see that risk, citing a strong labour market.
“We really don’t see it,” Powell told reporters. “The consumer-facing companies that we talk to in our vast network of contacts report that consumers are doing well and are focused on the good jobs market and rising incomes.”
Gross domestic product increased at a 1.9 per cent annualized rate in the third quarter, also as businesses maintained a steady pace of inventory accumulation, exports rose and the housing market rebounded after contracting for six straight quarters, the government said in its advance estimate of GDP.
The economy grew at a 2.0 per cent pace in the April-June period. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast GDP increasing at a 1.6 per cent rate in the July-September quarter. Third-quarter growth marked a further slowdown from the brisk 3.1 per cent rate notched in the first three months of the year. Still, the economy is expanding at its potential, estimated between 1.7 per cent and 2.0 per cent.
The GDP report showed the overall trend in inflation remaining moderate last quarter. The dollar fell against a basket of currencies, while US Treasury prices rose. Stocks on Wall Street were trading higher.
Recession fears have subsided in recent months mainly on hopes of a resolution to the 15-month trade war. President Donald Trump this month announced a truce, delaying additional tariffs that were due in October. But a trade deal is far from certain. Sources close to the negotiations say Trump’s demand that Beijing commit to big purchases of American farm products has become a major sticking point in talks.
Despite last quarter’s better-than-expected performance, the economy is expected to again miss the White House’s ambitious goal of 3.0 per cent annual growth this year. It grew 2.9 per cent last year.
“The economy is still labouring against the headwinds of trade war uncertainty,” said Chris Rupkey, chief economist at MUFG in New York. “Even if growth miraculously soars 4.0 per cent in the fourth quarter the economy won’t grow faster than 2.8 per cent in 2019.” — Reuters
Growth in consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of US economic activity, slowed to a still-healthy 2.9 per cent rate last quarter after surging at a 4.6 per cent pace in the second quarter, the fastest since the fourth quarter of 2017.
Consumer spending is being powered by the lowest unemployment rate in nearly 50 years. But moderating job growth, ebbing consumer confidence and stalling wage gains are raising doubts about the consumer’s resilience.
Income at the disposal of households rose at a 4.5 per cent rate in the third quarter compared to a 4.8 per cent pace in the prior period.
A separate report on Wednesday showed private payrolls increased by 125,000 jobs in October after rising 93,000 in September. Job gains have been slowing this year because of slowing demand and worker shortages.
“If hiring weakens any further, unemployment will begin to rise,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics.
Trade tensions are undercutting capital expenditure. Business investment dropped at a 3.0 per cent rate in the third quarter, the sharpest contraction in more than 3-1/2 years, after falling at a 1.0 per cent rate in the second quarter. It was pulled down by declines in spending on equipment and nonresidential structures such as mining exploration, shafts and wells.
Design problems at aerospace giant Boeing have also hurt business investment. The world’s largest planemaker last week reported a 53 per cent drop in quarterly profit because of the grounding in March of its best-selling 737 MAX jets following fatal crashes in Indonesia and Ethiopia.
While that undermined investment, the planes rolling from the production lines contributed to the $69.0 billion pace of increase in inventories last quarter. Inventories rose at a $69.4 billion rate in the April-June period. They trimmed GDP growth by only 0.05 per centage point in the third quarter compared to 0.91 per centage point in the second quarter.
“It appears as though aircraft, including the 737 MAX, accounted for at most one-fourth of the increase in private inventories in third quarter,” said Michael Feroli, an economist at JPMorgan in New York.
The rebound in exports blunted a surge in imports, leading to a narrowing in the trade deficit. Trade subtracted a negligible 0.08 per centage point from GDP growth in the third quarter after cutting 0.68 per centage point in the prior period.
Government spending cooled after rising at its fastest pace in 10 years in the second quarter. Spending on homebuilding increased at a 5.1 per cent rate, rising for the first time since the fourth quarter of 2017, thanks to lower interest rates. Reuters
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