Have you ever seen a shimmering wave of tiny fish moving in perfect harmony beneath the water’s surface - or tasted the salty, distinctive bite they add to pizza, salads, or traditional dishes?
Meet the anchovy, locally known as Al Bariyyah — a small fish with a big story in both global cuisine and Oman’s coastal heritage.
Anchovies, a family of over 140 species, are found in temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide. Recognised for their silvery sheen, high nutritional value and distinctive flavour, they thrive in shallow and mid-depth waters, forming massive schools of millions to protect themselves from predators and to feed and breed more efficiently.
Their history stretches back to the Cretaceous period, when their ancestors evolved agile bodies and group behaviours that ensured survival. Today, Al Bariyyah remains a vital economic resource — harvested for fishmeal, fish oil and direct consumption in countless forms: fresh, canned, salted, dried, or as savoury pastes and sauces.
In Oman, Al Bariyyah fishing is still deeply rooted in tradition.
Using the Al Dhagyah method, fishermen cast nets from the shore, haul in their shimmering catch and dry it in coastal areas for a week or more, depending on the heat. Once dried, the fish — locally called Al Qash’a — is cleaned, ground and served in dishes like Suhnat Al Qash’a, a flavourful mix with salad and spices. The dish remains a staple in coastal communities and is increasingly popular in restaurants due to its health benefits and nostalgic appeal.
Nutritionally, anchovies pack a powerful punch: protein, vitamin B3, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids — all known to support heart health, improve cholesterol and reduce inflammation. Despite their modest size (typically 10–20 cm), they play a significant role in sustaining both marine ecosystems and coastal livelihoods.
Beyond the dinner table, Al Bariyyah is also a living testament to the adaptability of small marine species — undertaking daily vertical migrations to feed at night and retreating to deeper waters by day. Their story is one of resilience, tradition and enduring value — a silvery treasure hidden in plain sight along Oman’s shores.
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