Aisha al Darmaki
Freedom of expression is a cornerstone of any modern and open society - one that believes in the individual, in rights, and in the citizen’s ability to contribute to national development.
Across the world, states have enshrined this right in their legal frameworks, recognising it as essential to the social and political participation of their people.
International charters affirm freedom of expression as a fundamental right for individuals and communities. However, this right is not absolute. It is subject to limits that safeguard public order, national security and the moral fabric of societies.
Article 29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) states that the exercise of freedoms is subject to legal limitations, especially where it affects the rights of others, public order, or general welfare. Likewise, Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) allows restrictions on expression when necessary to protect the rights or reputations of others, or for national security and public morality.
These limitations reflect a balanced understanding: while freedom of expression is vital, it must not become a tool to destabilise societies or incite hatred and division. In an era of vast digital communication, some misuse this freedom to spread harmful ideologies or sow discord - prompting governments worldwide to adopt policies aimed at preserving public order and protecting the moral foundations of society.
True freedom of expression must be constructive. It should respect national identity and the dignity of others. Those who value this right must also understand that it carries responsibility. The state guarantees the right, but also sets the framework to ensure that its practice promotes growth rather than chaos.
Oman is among the nations that has embedded this principle within its Basic Law. Article 35 guarantees freedom of opinion and expression, but within the bounds of the law. This is not a contradiction - it is a safeguard to ensure that expression does not harm the very society that enables it.
Unlimited expression, without respect for law and values, becomes a threat to peace and social cohesion.
Observers of the Omani media, including social platforms, can see the level of freedom enjoyed in the country. Opinions, suggestions, criticism, and even grievances are voiced with openness - freedoms not guaranteed in many places that claim to be democratic. Oman does not merely allow responsible expression; it encourages it, particularly when it contributes to development and the correction of public affairs.
Oman’s stance on freedom of expression is also evident in its foreign policy. Its support for just causes, such as the Palestinian struggle, showcases a transparent and principled position. As global media outlets come under scrutiny for suppressing narratives about Palestine, Oman stands firm in its commitment to humanitarian principles, peace and dialogue over violence and injustice.
The Omani approach empowers its people to speak responsibly. It nurtures a society that respects national symbols, values institutions and upholds the rights of others. When rare cases of abuse occur, the people themselves are often the first to demand accountability. This collective awareness reflects a deeply rooted understanding that rights come with obligations.
Recent events, such as peaceful solidarity gatherings with Palestine, show that Omanis - especially the youth - grasp the true meaning of expression: to support justice without violating laws or provoking discord. Their behaviour reflects a model of civic maturity that many nations aspire to.
Oman’s policies and laws, alongside its commitment to justice and social peace, have fostered a climate where freedom of expression thrives responsibly. The nation distinguishes between constructive criticism and harmful incitement, upholding a freedom rooted in citizenship, unity and trust in its institutions.
In a world where speech can often divide, Oman demonstrates that expression can also heal, unite and build. Responsible freedom is not a contradiction - it is the path towards sustainable peace and national strength.
By Aisha al Darmaki
The writer is a researcher specialising in semiotics and a member of the State Council
Translated by Badr al Dhafari
The original version of this article was published in Oman Arabic print edition of the newspaper on April 13, 2025
Oman Observer is now on the WhatsApp channel. Click here
