The ‘khwars’ and springs of the Dhofar coast represent a hidden treasure within the wilderness, teeming with valuable resources and an abundance of wildlife. Historically, these coastal inlets provided safe anchorage for ships, while the fresh springs that fed them enabled people to establish permanent settlements. The ‘khwars’ store unique biodiversity, cultural significance and the story of conservation efforts aimed at safeguarding them.
The khwars are not only a sanctuary for marine life, but also support a variety of fish species, most notably the edible milkfish and mullet, which thrive in the saline water. These species exhibit a remarkable tolerance to varying levels of salinity, and this wide range is mirrored in the lush vegetation that defines the ‘khwars' habitat. Freshwater-loving reed-mace (Typha latifolia) coexists with the distinctive mangroves, creating a diverse ecological tapestry.
One of the most compelling reasons to protect the ‘khwars’ is their role as a haven for migratory birds. More than 160 bird species have been recorded in these areas, making them vital stopovers for birds during their annual migrations. The khwars not only provide nourishment and water, but also offer a place for these birds to rest before continuing their journeys.
For generations, the local communities of Dhofar have depended on the resources of the ‘khwars’. Traditionally, they have allowed their livestock to graze on the ‘khwars' fertile lands while they fished in the bountiful waters. During monsoon seasons, fishing within the lagoons offered a safer alternative to open sea fishing. However, with the development of Salalah into a major city, the human population has surged, resulting in increased demands for food and foraging areas for livestock. This overutilisation has put the ‘khwars’ at risk.
CONSERVATION MEASURES
Recognising the ecological importance of the ‘khwars’, the government declared these areas as protected in June 1997. This protected region encompasses nine distinct wetlands, each with its unique characteristics and ecological significance. These include Khawr Mughsayl, Khawr Dahareez, Khawr Baleed, Khawr Awqad, Khawr Sawli, Khawr Taqah, Khawr Rawri, Khawr Qurm al Sagheer, and Khawr Qurm al Kabeer.
The management plan devised for this area is comprehensive. It not only safeguards the ‘khwars’, but also considers the broader region surrounding them. It promotes the sustainable use of fish within the ‘khwars’, the development of limited visitor facilities, and the preservation of archaeological sites.
In addition, mangrove planting initiatives are underway to enhance the landscape and provide more cover for the diverse bird species. To maintain a balance between conservation and the needs of local communities, there are provisions for controlled fodder cutting from the ‘khwars’ at certain times of the year.
The khwars of Dhofar are not only a sanctuary for wildlife, but also a crucial part of the local culture. Efforts to protect and sustainably manage these wetlands are vital to ensure the continued coexistence of humans and nature, and to preserve the unique biodiversity that these areas offer. The ‘khwars’ have rightfully become a global attraction for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, and their conservation is a shared responsibility that transcends borders.
TEXT & PHOTOS BY YAHYA AL SALMANI
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