HAMATA: On Egypt's Red Sea coast, fish swim among thousands of newly planted mangroves, part of a programme to boost biodiversity, protect coastlines and fight climate change and its impacts.
After decades of destruction that saw the mangroves cleared, all that remained were fragmented patches totalling some 500 hectares (1,200 acres), the size of only a few hundred football pitches.
Sayed Khalifa, the head of Egypt's agriculture syndicate who is leading mangrove replanting efforts, calls the unique plants a "treasure" because of their ability to grow in salt water where they face no problems of drought.
"It's an entire ecosystem," Khalifa said, knee-deep in the water. "When you plant mangroves, marine life, crustaceans and birds all flock in."
Between the tentacle-like roots of months-old saplings, small fish and tiny crab larvae dart through the shallows -- making the trees key nurseries of marine life.
Khalifa's team are growing tens of thousands of seedlings in a nursery, which are then used to rehabilitate six key areas on the Red Sea and Sinai coast, aiming to replant some 210 hectares.
But Khalifa dreams of extending the mangroves as far "as possible," pointing past a yacht marina some six kilometres to the south.
The about $50,000-a-year government-backed programme was launched five years ago.
Mangroves also have a powerful impact in combating climate change.
The resilient trees "punch above their weight" absorbing five times more carbon than forests on land, according to the UN Environment Programme (UNEP).
The stands of trees also help filter out water pollution and act as a natural barrier against rising seas and extreme weather, shielding coastal communities from destructive storms.
UNEP calculates that protecting mangroves is a thousand times cheaper than building seawalls over the same distance.
Despite their value, mangroves have been annihilated worldwide at rapid speed.
Over a third of mangroves globally have been lost globally, researchers estimate, with losses up to 80 per cent in some coastlines of the Indian Ocean.
Mangrove expert Niko Howai, from Britain's University of Reading, said in the past many governments had not appreciated "the importance of mangroves", eyeing instead lucrative "opportunities to earn revenue" including through coastal development.
In Egypt's case, "mass tourism activities and resorts, which cause pollution", as well as boat activity and oil drilling wreaked havoc on mangroves, said Kamal Shaltout, a botany professor at Egypt's Tanta University.
Shaltout warned that mangrove restoration efforts "will go to waste" if these threats are not addressed.
"The problem is that the mangroves we have are so limited in number that any damage causes total disruption," he said. -- AFP
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