The European Central Bank has downplayed a global slowdown for months, but it will finally take a tentative step next week to prop up the euro zone economy, signaling fresh stimulus to keep banks lending.
With a global trade war already biting and growth in Germany, the euro zone’s powerhouse, stalling, gloom is quickly spreading across the region, leaving the ECB with the task of reviving confidence.
After a decade of fighting crisis, it is a role the ECB is all too familiar with. But it will be tricky, nevertheless.
The central bank just ended an unprecedented stimulus scheme and has already signaled further “normalization”, in the hope of doing away with crisis-era support. But some sort of policy reversal is inevitable.
Exports are waning, Brexit is looming, industrial production is falling and US President Donald Trump is still weighing tariffs on Europe’s vast car industry. The ECB is likely to slash its economic forecasts, putting its inflation target out of reach for several years, enough in itself to trigger action.
“A traditional wait-and-see stance runs the risk of unintentional tightening of monetary conditions,” ING economist Carsten Brzeski said. “The ECB will have to carefully balance between too-hasty action, which could be perceived as panic, and too much complacency.” To be fair, the ECB is not alone. The US Federal Reserve has already changed course, signaling that it would pause rate increases and stop shrinking its balance sheet, a reversal that has fueled a two-month rally in stock markets.
The ECB’s first step will be to offer banks fresh long-term loans, rolling over a similar facility to keep the credit flowing.
But the devil will be in the details, and the ECB is in no hurry to lay all of its cards on the table.
Still hoping the economic slowdown is just temporary and will end by summer, the ECB is only likely to signal next week that support will come, taking some time to work out details. By then it might be clear whether a rebound is underway.
It would also be relatively easy to take a 2019 rate increase off the table. Markets have already pushed expectations for a move into 2020, threatening to make ECB guidance obsolete.
The problem is that any change in the guidance, which sees rates steady through the summer, will reach beyond the term of ECB President Mario Draghi, a potentially contentious move not all policymakers are ready to take.
“One could argue than once forward guidance is the main tool left, unanimity becomes central to maximize the return of that policy tool. The risk is that by waiting for unanimity the de-anchoring of expectations becomes irreversible,” Bank of America Merrill Lynch. — Reuters
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