Al Qaim last IS bastion

The desert towns of Al Qaim and Rawa near Syria’s border in the Euphrates Valley, where Iraqi forces launched operations on Thursday, constitute the final IS group bastion in the country. The US-led coalition battling the terrorists has called the assault “the last big fight” and capturing the region will help drive a final nail into the coffin of the IS experiment in cross-border statehood.

Long before the rise of IS, Al Qaim became renowned as a hotbed of extremist insurgency in the wake of the US-led invasion in 2003.

The strategic and porous border became a magnet for foreign fighters entering Iraq from Syria, which Baghdad accused of turning a blind eye, and a key smuggling route for arms and illicit goods. Coalition troops carried out repeated operations with codenames like Matador and Steel Curtain in 2005 to flush out Al Qaeda terrorists.

The town lies at the heart of a wealthy agricultural region and was once a railhead for the phosphate mining centre of Akhashat in the desert to the south. In the era of president Saddam Hussein before the invasion, Al Qaim’s huge chemical factory treated uranium to feed Iraq’s nuclear programme. But American air strikes in 1991 and then United Nations inspections transformed the factory into a metallic skeleton. IS fighters seized control of Al Qaim in June 2014 as the group captured vast swathes of territory in a lightning rampage across Iraq. Under IS, the town has been a vital supply route between its forces in Iraq and the oil-rich city of Deir Ezzor it once controlled over the border in Syria. The area has reportedly served as an important hideout for senior IS leadership and was struck repeatedly by coalition air strikes.

An Iraqi general estimates there are over 1,500 IS fighters left around Al Qaim. The Iraqi forces now closing in on Al Qaim comprise crack government troops hardened by months of gruelling fighting against IS and irregular fighters from the Hashed al Shaabi coalition under Baghdad’s command. Crucially. Tribal volunteers in the Hashed have been heavily engaged alongside the Iran-trained militias that dominate the umbrella group. The fighters come mainly from the major local tribes, providing a key element in an area some 500 km northwest of Baghdad where tribal law often trumps central authority. The fighting in the barren region, using artillery and sand berms, will differ drastically from the ferocious urban combat that Iraqi forces encountered as they seized back the biggest IS-held city of Mosul.

While Iraqi forces are squeezing IS on their side of the border, the extremists are battling competing offensives, also in the Euphrates Valley, over the frontier in Syria. — AFP